Every case of illness depends in large measure in its phenomenology and in its aspect, as has been repeatedly stated by one of the present authors on the central attitude of the personality. It is by no means correct in every case to speak of psychogenic additions. Even aside from the question of whether psychotherapy can or can not affect the fundamental trouble, it will be in a position to attain important results by influencing the individual attitude This is true for instance, of the troubles of cardiac patients and of the terrified expectations that such patients have of their disease which sometimes, under the aspect of anxiety neurosis completely dominate the external picture of the disease. In many cases simply admonition, persuasion, or the like will be sufficient to influence the patient's. attitude favorably. Frequently, however, hypnosis will be necessary, which must be used with due tact and caution. Particularly in such cases it will as a rule be wrong to undertake extensive psychoanalysis. the diseases to which such treatments may be applied—and they must be effective after three or four sessions—are diseases of the joints and bones, carcinosis, etc. Of the diseases of the nervous system, particular attention is deserved by multiple sclerosis, whose symptoms are so emphatically shot through with psychogenic factors. We have already emphasized the fact that the patient's attitude is of importance in any organic disease, which by no means gives us the right to speak at once of hysteria, or similar conditions, merely because the will may not be strong enough to compensate organic disturbances. Even the will to compensate organic disturbances of equilibrium may be considerably improved by psychotherapy. The striking successes so often observed at the beginning of treatment of tabes dorsalis by exercise may perhaps be best explained in this way. The patient will occasionally too early relinquish the struggle against a symptom that would be quite easily compensated with proper guidance and with a proper attitude on his part. In certain domains of apparently organic diseases it is difficult to draw the line between the organic and the functional. This is particularly true of diseases of the intestines. We have pointed out in detail above how strong is the influence of the psychic element on motility and on secretion of the gastric juices. Even unquestionably organic alterations in the domain of the abdominal tract, such as dilatation and ptosis of the stomach do not put in their appearance until psychic factors are added. The violent vomiting(*) of such patients, their hardly bearable pains, often disappear with striking swiftness in hypnotic treatment, which must be adapted to the principles of the treatment of neuroses. Cases of hyperemesis gravidarum, even such as include in their origin toxic factors in addition to the psychic, are favorable subjects of hypnotic therapy. Certain forms of constipation, as has been pointed out by Forel, and as we may confirm, are very frequently susceptible to favorable treatment by psychic means. Nor will profound hypnosis always be necessary in these cases. Many of the cases of abdominal and intestinal neuroses, with more or less pronounced organic symptoms, must of course be classed as neuroses, and these require the entire armamentarium of neurotic therapy, i.e., the more serious cases will not yield except to psychoanalysis. But excellent results may be obtained, even in acute cases, by hypnosis alone. Thus we succeeded in obtaining immediate results by means of two seances in a case of singultus(**) with sarco-matosis of the peritoneum, which had ensued upon an ether narcosis administered for the purpose of precise investigation and had resisted all other treatment. In the gynecological field, leucorrhea, menstrual troubles, hyperemesis gravidarum, have been repeatedly treated with success by Forel, Hallauer, Lieptmann, Meyer. We shall say a few words later on treatment of vaginal anesthesia. In the treatment of such disturbances, we shall probably need to ask always what phases of these disturbances may be regarded as organic neurosis, in other words, as a neurosis localized to a specific organ, and what phases must be considered as distinctly organic disturbances. If the organic neurotic phase predominates, the general principles of neurotic treatment must be applied, of which we shall speak later in the proper connection. Bunnemann reports on the influence of hysteria on skin diseases.(***)

(*) One case of mine with chronic vomiting and inability to retain food for a period of five months was quickly helped with hypnotic suggestion gotten from psychoanalytic study of the causes of this condition.—Trans.

(*)In several cases of singultus, of epidemic origin, hypnosis was very effectual.—Trans.

(**) In one case of angioneurotic edema and urticaria, hypnosis was tried but without success, though it is possible that the psychic approach in the suggestion was faulty.—Trans.

Bronchial asthma may in some cases be influenced by hypnosis, yet this influence is apparently not easy to attain; we have had no successes in this field.

Even disturbances of the vegetative nervous system, not recognizable as psychogenic, such as, for example, hyperhydrosis, are sometimes influenced by profound hypnosis.

Kohnstamm and Friedermann report a cure of exophthalmic goiter by means of hypnoses. But the normal treatment for Basedow's disease of course does not require hypnosis.

All the possible phases of psychic treatment are treated in detail in the material collected in O. Schwartz's Psychogenese und Psycho-therapie von Organsymptomen. We refer the reader to this work, but must point out that the contributors of the various articles have far too low an estimate of the method of treating by regular psychoanalysis. We consider this method to be a royal remedy in the treatment of serious neurotic troubles, regardless of whether they result in organic symptoms or not. Hypnosis is only the method for easy and medium cases and may have great symptomatic value even in the treatment of serious cases.